Species list

Semicircle angelfish

Pomacanthus semicirculatus

It is found in reef lagoons up to a depth of 40 m. Its body is oval and laterally compressed with a prominent spine next to the gill. The adults are solitary while the young live in groups in sunnier waters. The coloration varies with age and while the young are dark blue the adults are brownish-green. It feeds on sponges and phytoplankton.

Sunburst butterflyfish

Chaetodon kleinii

The sunburst butterflyfish us associated with rocky reefs and coral-rich areas of lagoons and it is found at depths of 4-60 meters. It is not territorial and lives singles or in pairs, particularly during breeding and, occasionally, in larger aggregations of up to about 30 individuals. There is no sexual dimorphism between males and females. It feed on hard and soft corals, as well as algae and zooplancton.

Latticed butterflyfish

Chaetodon raflesii

The latticed butterflyfish is an attractive fish that lives along the coasts and in lagoons of well-preserved coral reefs between 1 and 15 m depth, although the young ones form schools of about ten fishs on surface reefs near the coast. It feeds on coral polyps, anemones and worms that are found in places where other shorter-mouth fish do not reach.

Pajama cardinalfish

Sphaeramia nematoptera

It is a small nocturnal fish that form large hierarchical groups among the the cracks of the reef where it spends, hidden, great part of the day. It is quiet and sociable. By night, they disperse from their hiding places in search of small crustaceans which make up the majority of their diet. The female lays the eggs between the long spines of the sea urchins where they are fertilized by the male and afterwards, the eggs are incubated in the male’s mouth until they hatch.

Saddle butterflyfish

Chaetodon ephippium

The saddle butterflyfish lives on rocky shores and seaward reefs of clear waters. It has a compressed body and strong muscles that allow it to swim long distances. It has no sexual dimorphism and both male and female can change sex. Its mouth is long and narrow, which allows it to access holes and crevices that cannot be reached by other fish. It feeds on polyps of coral, algae, eggs of other fishes and small invertebrates

Banggai cardenalfish

Pterapogon kauderni

Queen coris

Coris formosa

Long-snout seahorse

Hippocampus reidi

It has a prehensile tail and its body protected with bone rings. It forms colonies in bays among the vegetation. It feeds on crustaceans and other small fishers that live among the algae. It is a Monogamous species. The female deposits the eggs into the male’s brood pouch where they are incubated and protected.

Orange-barred garden eel

Gorgasia preclara

It is an anguiform fish without scales in their skin. It lives half-buried in the sand of the reef forming colonies where they remain hidden at the minimum signal of danger. They are peaceful and shy species. They feed on zooplankton. The larvae are planktonic until they are large enough to make their own burrow.

Six banded armadillo

Euphractus sexcinctus

It is an armoured mammal with the body coated with hard plates similar to rings covered with grey-brown tiny hair. It is a shy animal with diurnal habits. It has strong claws for digging and constructing burrows, used for protection and reproduction. Its scent glands located at the base of its tail are used to mark its territory. It is a good swimmer. Its diet is varied consisting of roots and tubers, worms, insects, carrion, and small vertebrates.

Ring-tailed lemur

Lemur catta

It is a primate with diurnal habits that spends most of its time in trees, although sometimes it is frequent to see them on the ground. It is a sociable species and lives in groups. It is polygamous and it uses its tail to make visual and odoriferous signs. When walking on the ground, it keeps its tail raised to report its presence to the rest of animals. It communicates through numerous vocalizations, corporal attitudes and a threat-stare facial gesture to intimidate its preys. Its diet consists of fruits, leaves, flowers and small insects.

Indian muntjac

Muntiacus muntjak

It is a small deer from the woods that can easily move with agility through the thickness of the jungle. Males have small antlers and tusks that protrude from the upper jaw. The female species has a protrusion with a tuft of fur. Feeds on leaves, fruit and small animals.

Asian small clawded otter

Aonyx cinereus

It is a very sociable animal that lives in family groups although it is a monogamous species. They spend much of the day playing and communicating among them. To do so, they have at least twelve different types of vocalizations together with visual, hormonal and tactile cues, such as the social grooming. Its great manual dexterity allows it to lift stones, to build dens in the riverbanks or to easily hunt crabs, molluscs and fishes by the sense of touch.

Southern two-toed sloth

Choloepus didactylus

It is a strictly arboreal animal. Its limbs end in two toes with two long curved claws that enable it to latch onto the trees branches and remain hung. Its slow movements help it elude predators. Its long hair has an unusual growth pattern. It feeds on leaves and fruit.

White-lipped tamarin

Saguinus labiatus

It is a small primate endemic to the humid forests of Bolivia, Brasil and Perú. It is diurnal and arboreal. It feeds on fuits, flowers, nectar, sap, fungi and small animals. It is territorial and lives in family groups with a dominant breeding pair. The rest of the group is made up of their descendants who help in the care of the offspring. They communicate trhough scents and vocalizations.

Green Arasarí

Pteroglossus viridis

Spangled cotinga

Cotinga cayana

Giant wood-rail

Aramides ypecaha

This species lives in rivers and lagoon shores. At sunrise and sunset it gathers in groups. Its name was taken by its singular singing. It feeds on seeds, fruits, insects and aquatic invertebrates. This species builts a flattened nest in the trees or with dry grass and branches. It is monogamous.

Gray-winged trumpeter

Psophia crepitans

It is a sociable animal. The gray-winged trumpeter lives in small groups on the forest ground, where it rests, bathes and looks for insects and fallen fruits of the trees. At night, it prefers to settle on the tree branches. It emits a variety of sounds to warn of the danger, to mark territory or to intimidate any intruder. It is a docile species. Several males specimens can mate a single female. Breeding and feeding is made by several members of the group.

White-throated toucan

Ramphastos tucanus

Males ­­­­are larger and longer-billed than females, but otherwise the sexes are alike. They are mainly frugivorous animals. Its bill is used to reach the fruits. It gobbles the whole fruit with a sudden shake of its neck. Its diet consists of insects, caterpillars and small reptiles. Nests are made inside tree holes. It lives alone, in pairs or in small flocks. It produces a deep growl that can be heard in a long distance.

Northern cardinal

Cardinalis cardinalis

The Northern cardinal is a mid-sized bird that lives in forests and swamps. It has a distinctive crest on the head and a black mask around the bill. It shows sexual diformism in its colours, with the male a vibrant red and the female greyish-brown. It feeds on seed, sometimes eats insects and fruits. It is monogamous and territorial. Adults choose a dense tree where the female builds the nest while the male feeds to her.

Lady Amherst’s pheasant

Chrysolophus amherstiae

It lives in the undergrowth of dense forests. The female has a cryptic colouring whereas the male presents a striking plumage. It is polygamous. During courtship, the male performs a series of jumps and emits loud harsh screeches. It sleeps in the trees and feed on grains, leaves, fruits and invertebrates.

Chinese alligator

Alligator sinensis

It lives in subtropical areas like wetlands and swamps. It is an opportunistic species and its diet is very varied consisting mainly of aquatic invertebrates, fishes, amphibians, birds and small mammals. Females bury their eggs with mud, sticks and plants. The incubation temperature of the nest will determine what sex the offspring will be. The reason why this species is on the edge of extinction has been mostly due to conversion of its habitat to agricultural and fishing uses. There are specific breeding and re-establishing programs in order to save this species.

Baron’s green racer

Philodryas baroni

They are strictly arboreal species. Their green colour and aspect give them an excellent camouflage. They usually spend a great part of the day hanging still on the trees, waiting for catching lizards, amphibians, bats or birds. The poison is inoculated from their tusks that are located at the back of the jaw. This poison can immobilize their preys.

Spotted pond turtle

Geoclemys hamiltonii

This diurnal reptile inhabits rivers and lakes of slow moving waters with abundant vegetation. It feeds on snails, fish, invertebrates and plants. It reaches up to 40 cm length (1.3 ft). This shy species will spend a great deal of time beneath water. Significant numbers are caught for the consumption trade.

Green iguana

Iguana iguana

Lives in mangrove swamps, forests and thickly-vegetated river banks. It is arboreal and is a good swimmer. Its skin is covered with scales and it has a dorsal crest of dermal spines. It uses its tail like a whip to defend itself. Feeds on leaves, flowers and fruit.

Mata mata

Chelus fimbriatus

This species spends much of its time underwater in the bottom of rivers and swamps of shallow depth and slow flow. Its camouflage and its static behaviour make it unnoticed by its predators, allowing it to hunt more easily. When a fish or invertebrate is nearby, the matamata opens its large mouth as wide as possible and swallows it whole. It has big external eardrums that detect movements. The nose resembling a tube allows it to breath without surfacing.

Common water monitor

Varanus salvator

It is a quick and fast lizard. The powerful muscles of its legs allow it to run long distances and to chase and hunt its preys. It can also climb trees. Its diet consists of small mammals, birds, eggs and animal carcass. It builds dens in the river banks, where it deposits its eggs. It also uses rotting logs or termite mounds to lay its eggs. It is an excellent swimmer that can stay underwater up to 30 minutes.

Axolotl

Ambystoma mexicanum

It is a salamander endemic of some Mexican lagoons. Axolotls are unusual among amphibians in the sense that they reach adulthood without undergoing metamorphosis, that is, they larvatic during its entire life. They have nocturnal habits.

Red eye treefrog

Agalychnis callidryas

It is an arboreal frog that lives in the vegetation of rainforests close to the rivers. Its suction cups on its toes enable it to adhere to the back side of the leaves, where it rests during the day. Feeds on insects. It is toxic.

Malayan horned frog

Megophrys nasuta

It is a species of robust frog that spends the majority of its time hidden in leaf litter of the forest grounds. Its cryptic coloration and its unusual appearance are similar to a leaf. Its attacks are challenging. It jumps over its predators, which are easily captured and swallowed. It is a very voracious species. It catches insects and arachnids

Malayan forest toad

Bufo asper

It is a large-sized toad of terrestrial life but associated to rivers and streams. When in danger it secretes a toxic substance through its skin, the bufotoxin, to persuade its predators. This substance can produce difficulties in locomotion, postration or convulsions. It feeds on invertebrates and small vertebrates.

Oriental fire-bellied toads

Bombina orientalis

This species lives in large areas of forests and in rivers from the Southeast Asia. It has a reddish-orange ventral region mottled with black. When in danger it arches its back and lifts its head, displaying its brilliant colour and warning their predators about its toxicity. Eats invertebrates.

Emperor newt

Tylototritón shanjing

It is a specimen of great size and bright colors. Its orange warts along its dorsum and back are poison glands. It is a ravenous animal with terrestrial habits that only goes into the water for depositing its eggs.

Oriental fire-bellied newt

Cynops orientalis

This species has a combination of colours that advises their predators about its toxicity. It secretes toxins through the skin, resulting in an unpleasant taste. The cynops orientalis is a quiet animal with paused movements and terrestrial life.

Sea goldie

Pseudanthias squamipinus

Striped catfish

Pangasianodon hypophthalmus

It is a migratory fish of big size. In rainy season it goes to the upper course of the river to spawn. It returns downriver when the water level drops. It feeds on crustaceans, algae, plankton and fishes. It is a pacific species with nocturnal habits It lives in the Mekong basin.

Indian Ocean oriental sweetlips

Plectorhinchus vittatus

This species can be found on coral reefs at depths of 25 m 882.0 ft). It can be solitary, or seen resting in small groups . Juveniles are different to adults and they swim imitating the movement of a poisonous worm.

Magnificent foxface

Siganus magnificus

Bamboo carp

Spinibarbus denticulatus

This species is usually found in shallow areas of the great rivers of the Southeast Asia. It is omnivorous. It feeds on algae, aquatic plants, insects, crustaceans, and small fishes. It is farmed for human consumption in rivers, reservoirs and fish ponds.

Yellowcheek

Elopichthys bambusa

It reaches up to 2 m in lenght. It is a fish that can be found in river mouth or in floodplains of Russia, China and Vietnam. It feeds on small fishes. This species reaches maturity at six years of age. For reproduction, it travels up to the middle part of the river course.

Gold fish

Carassius auratus

Native to East Asia.Lives in small groups in quiet, well-vegetated muddy areas with cool waters. Moves along the surface of the water with its mouth open looking for food or burrows in the bottom mud to stir up the substrate.

Blue green damelfish

Chromis viridis

Spotbanded scat

Selenotoca mutifasciata

It lives in mangroves, delta of rivers and estuaries. Juveniles travel into places where the salinity is practically null. Adults prefer the salty waters. They spawn in coastal areas close to the course of the rivers. It is not sexual dimorphic. It feeds on invertebrates and vegetables.

Chinese zebra goby

Ptereleotris zebra

Giant Gourami

Osphronemus goramy

It lives in slow-moving areas such as swamps and rivers. It is capable of living out of water for long periods. It is a voracious species eating everything it can gulp. It builds bubble nests using weeds and twigs where it spawns. It guards jealously the eggs until the breeding leaves the nest. It is used for human consumption.

Golden trevally

Gnathonodon speciosus

It can be found on shoals where the juvenile species show a beautiful bright yellow colour. It is known to grow to 120 cm in length. The golden trevally uses to follow floating objects and large animals, such as sharks, jellyfish or turtles. It sucks out prey from sandy soils.

Blackspotted rubberlip

Plectorhinchus gaterinus

They often live on groups in crevices and ledges of reefs. They have big, fleshy yellow lips that use to unearth their preys from the sand of the bottom of the reef. At nightfall, they feed on shrimps and crabs. They display the bright yellow fins and leopard-like spots. Juveniles may be banded.

Axil hogfish

Bodianus axillaris

It is a solitary species with diurnal habits that lives in reefs with 2 to 40 meters in depth. It can form small shoals. Projects a stream of water on the sandy bottom to find and capture molluscs, crustaceans and worms

Blue diesel wrasse

Labroides dimidiatus

This species can be found on coral reefs of shallow depth. It is well-known for cleaning the parasites on other fishes and the dead tissues of the fishes with which it sharies the reef. It lives in colonies formed for a single male with multiple female social groups.

Lyretail Wrasse

Thalassoma lunare

It lives in coral reefs up to 20 meters (65.62 feet). It has a good sense of vision and smell. It goes into waters of low salinity as the river mouths. At night, it rests down the rocks. When in danger, it buries in the sand. This species feeds on fishes larvae.

Giant moray

Gymnothorax javanicus

It is an anguilliforme species living on the outer of tropical waters with coral reefs. During the day it is hidden in crevices. At night, it hunts fishes, octopuses, cuttlefishes and crustaceans. It has cryptic coloration in its body.

Laced moray

Gymnothorax favagineus

It is a large moray which can reach a maximum length of 3 m (9.84 ft). Its body has a white to yellowish color dotted with numerous black spots which latter vary in size, shape and intensity depending on the environment in which the animals live. Sight is poor but the sense of smell very developed. It hunts fish and octopus

Common bluestripe snapper

Lutjanus kasmira

This species lives in open water close to the reefs to 200 m (656.2 ft.) in depth. It frequently gathers in large aggregations around coral formations, caves or wrecks during daylight hours. As they get old it is a solitary species that inhabits deep reefs. It catches fish, shrimps and crustaceans.

Emperor red snapper

Lutjanus sebae

The emperor red snapper is a fish of open waters in tropical climate. It inhabits the coral reefs although it prefers flat areas with either a sandy or gravel substrate. It eats fish and crabs.

Humpback red snapper

Lutjanus gibbus

This species can reach a length of 50 cm (20 in). Its dorsum is deeply curved. It inhabits shoal of fishes in the limits of the lagoons and between the reef. Juveniles can be found in beds of seagrass.
It predates fish, shrimps and crabs. They feed and mate at night

Whipray jenkins

Himantura jenkinsii

It is a species of stingray usually found in sandy habitats shallower than 50 m (160 ft). It feeds on crustaceans and small fishes. This large species grows to 1.5 m (4.9 ft) Its tail is similar to a whip and it lacks of fin folds. The young develop in the uterus of the female.

Bluering angelfish

Pomacanthus annularis

It is a pelagic fish linked to coastal reefs and close sandy areas. Its body is compressed laterally and a small mouth with comb-like teeth.This fish is usually seen in pairs or as solitary individuals.It feeds on sponges and algae.

Emperor angelfish

Pomacanthus imperator

Big size angelfish, very spread from the reef borders to 100 m depth. It feeds on seaweeds, sponges and other organisms that are embed in rocks. The looks between juveniles and adults is very different.

Silver moony

Monodactylus argenteus

It can be found in fresh water, mangroves and coastal reefs. Its body is laterally compressed that changes to a roundish shape with the ageing. It feeds on insect larvae, plankton and marine debris. It lives on shoal of fishes.

Redtoothed triggerfish

Odonus niger

It inhabits open waters and current-swept seaward reefs and coral reefs. It can reach a length of 50 cm (20 inches) Its hard skin is resistant and immune to parasitic diseases. It has dorsal spines used for defence.It feeds on invertebrates.

Clown triggerfish

Balistoides conspiscillum

It lives in shallow and rocky coral reefs. It has robust jaws with a peak uses to break reefs, shells from molluscs and crustaceans for feeding. It has an erectile spine in its dorsal used to defend itself and to cling to the cavities of the rocks where it remains hidden.

Yellow tang

Zebrasoma flavescens

It is an angle and attractive swimmer. It lives in lagoons and outer coral reefs. The body is laterally compressed and has two retractable white spines on each side of the tail fin that it uses to defend itself. It is sociable. It feeds on plankton and microalgae.

Blue Surgeonfish

Paracanthurus hepatus

Reef fish that can reaches up to 30 cm (12 in.) Its body is laterally compressed. This species has a royal blue body. Colour intensity of its body varies with the age. Juveniles live in group close to the coral where they can hide when in danger. It feeds on plankton and macroalgae.

Convict Surgeonfish

Acanthurus triostegus

This species lives close to coastal reefs. It is a gregarious fish that enjoys living in harmony with other fishes. Juveniles are found in tide pools close to the beach. It feeds on plankton and filamentous algae. Monogamous specimen. Fertilization is external forming soals

Goldlined spinefoot

Siganus guttatus

It inhabits coastal coral reefs and mangroves. It tolerates the low salinity. It leaves and enters the rivers with the tides. Its body is laterally compressed as an ellipse shape and its mouth is small with protracted jaws. It feeds on plankton. It spawns in the river mouth.

Copperband butterflyfish

Chelmon rostratus

The copperband butterflyfish has a flat laterally compressed body and a pearly white coloration with five orange vertical yellow stripes. It lives solitary or in pairs in protected lagoons reefs up to a depth of 25 m. It has no sexual dimorphism. It has a long beak that uses both to capture benthic animals and to find food amongst the cracks of the rocks.

Halfmoon butterflyfish

Chaetodon lunula

This species has nocturnal habits. It lives in small shoals and in pairs during the breeding season. Juveniles shelter in the hollows of the rocks. It feeds mainly on benthic invertebrates, polyps of hard corals and algae.

Orbicular batfish

Platax orbicularis

Juveniles have an appearance very different than the adults. It feeds on seaweeds and invertebrates. The early stages of growth often happen protected in the brackish waters of the mangroves.

Razor fish

Aeoliscus strigatus

It is found in shallow coral reefs of the Indo-Pacific. The body is flattened from side to side with long narrow snouts. The tail fin is reduced to a sharp spine. They swim in a synchronized manner with their heads pointing downwards. They eat brine shrimp, fish larvae and zooplankton. They spawn under a full moon.

Clown anemonefish

Amphiprion ocellaris

Pink anemonefish

Amphiprion perideraion

Pennant coral fish

Heniochus acuminatus

Its body is flattened and has an elongated dorsal fin of great length. It is sociable and quiet. Adults can live alone, in pairs or in small groups. Juveniles are cleaners, removing parasites from other fishes. It feeds on polyps of corals and other benthic invertebrates.

Pinecone soldierfish

Myripristis murdjan

It lives in coastal shallow waters close to reefs It is a species with nocturnal habits During the day, it remains hidden in caves and crevices of the coral reef. It has a laterally compressed body shape, with its tail forked, and red color. It feeds on zooplankton.

Orangespine unicornfish

Naso lituratus

IIt inhabits inland lagoons and coral reefs. It can reach a length of 45 cm (20 inches) Its laterally compressed body has a sharp sting in its caudal fin used for defence. The body is grey with yellow and blue lines in its contour. It feeds on algae. They have sexual dimorphism. It’s lonely but sometimes forms schoals.

Magnificent foxface

Siganus vulpinus

Cowtail stingray

Pastinachus sephen

They are found on sandy bottoms in tropical coastal waters and on coral reefs. They are also known to enter rivers and estuaries. The most distinctive characteristic of the cowtail stingray is the candle-like tail. Its skin is very hard.

Honeycomb stingray

Himantura uarnak

Vive en bahías de arena y lagunas salobres asociadas a arrecifes coralinos hasta 50 m de profundidad. Tolera bajos niveles de salinidad por lo que a veces se adentra en zonas de manglar. Alcanza 2 m. Es nocturna y durante el día se esconde en la arena. Come peces, cangrejos y medusas

Atlantic mudskipper

Periophthalmus barbarus

This species lives in the mangroves of the Indo-pacific and the African Atlantic area. It has amphibian habits and can spend long periods of time out of water Mudskippers have the ability to breathe through their skin using their gills to absorb dissolved oxygen. Its moving eyes are periscopics. The pelvic fins help them to walk and climb to the trees. This species feeds on invertebrates.

Zebra shark

Stegostoma fasciatum

Carpet shark of big size. It can reach up more than 3 metres length. It remains hidden most of the daytime, and goes out at night for hunting crustaceans, cephalopods, fishes and even sea snakes. They can be very long-lived, have been registered cases with even more than 60 years old.

Blacktip reef shark

Carcharhinus melanopterus

Small shark species usually found in the coral reefs. It inhabits shallow and coastal waters over reef ledges and sandy flats. It is also been known to enter brackish and freshwater environments. It is active predator of small fishes, cephalopods, snakes and seabirds.

Grey shark

Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos

This species is most often seen in shallow water near the reefs. It is a social and curious species. During the day, it forms groups in areas of strong currents. At night, they split up for hunting. It is fast-swimming and an agile predator.

Silver shark

Balantiocheilos melanopterus

Native to the Mekong and Chao Phraya rivers, Sumatra and Borneo. Lives in midwater depths of rivers and lakes with slightly acidic waters. It is gregarious and feeds on phytoplankton, small crustaceans, insects and larvae. It is increasingly scarce and has become rare in some basins of its native range due to overfishing and water pollution.

Thai shark

Pangasius sanitwongsei

It can be found in the Mekong basins in Indochina and it can reach up to 3 m. Its fins are large and its horizontal mouth becomes well developed. It is a voracious species. It is armed with big bristles in its dorsal and pectoral fins that aid in grasping its preys.

Vieja Guramí

Epibulus insidiator

Mushroom anemone

Discosoma sp.

Scarlet cleaner shrimp

Lysmata amboinensis

Turbo snail

Turbo fluctuosus

Candy cane coral

Caulastrea sp.

Leather coral

Sarcophyton sp.

Madagascar hissing cockroach

Gromphadorhina portentosa

They are one of the largest species of cockroaches. They are wingless but excellent climbers. The parents and offspring can remain in close physical contact for extended periods of time.
They can expel air through the respiratory openings of the abdomen, producing a characteristic sound. It lives in dead wood and eats plant debris.

Leafy hedgehog coral

Echinopora lamellosa

Black longspine urchin

Diadema setosum

Asian forest scorpion

Heterometrus sp.

Their big clamps allow them to capture their preys. This scorpion has a poisonous sting at the end of its abdomen. It is used as a defensive mechanism but sometimes it is also used to paralyze their preys. It is a solitary specimen that lives in the brush of the forests.

Blue sea star

Linkia laevigata

Red-knobed starfish

Protoreaster linkii

It has a thick gray body covered with bright red tubercles and spicules that extend upward from its five arms. It moves slowly across the sandy bottoms of reefs searching for worms, mollusks and corals. It could live in shallow coastal lagoons or in reefs up to 100 m deep. It is very active during the day.

Granulated sea star

Choriaster granulatus

Lives in shallow waters associated with reefs and their surroundings. Feeds on detritus, carrion and slow animals that it can catch. Can measure up to 30 cm in diameter.

Common jellyfish

Aurelia aurita

Jellyfish are about 98 percent water. They have no skeleton, armour or shell. They live alone or in groups in surface waters drifted by the current. It is a cosmopolitan species. They feed on plankton . The jellyfish has an umbrella membrane and thin and stinging tentacles that paralyse their prey. There is a nerve that is responsible for contractions in swimming muscles. It is an harmless species and it is used for human consumption in Indonesia.

Sinularia

Sinularia brassica

Yellow scroll coral

Turbinaria reniformis

Upside down jellyfish

Cassiopea andromeda

Moreton Bay fig

Ficus macrophylla

Woody jelly palm

Butia eriospatha

This feather-palm is an endemic species of Southern Brazil. It can be found in areas with elevations ranging ffrom 700 m (2,300 ft) to 1.200 m (3,400 ft) above sea level. Its pendular leaves can reach up to 2 metres (6ft) long and its petiole is long and thorny. The leaves base is covered by a dense dark brown tomentum. Flowers are clustered in male and female inflorescences producing delicious and edible globose fruits.

Giant fishtail palm

Caryota obtusa

It is a palm native to India. At present, it is spread all over the hills of Southeast Asia. It is a fast growing palm reaching up to 30 m (98 ft). The palm has a thick and long trunk with branches up to 90 cm (3ft) in diameter. Leaves are bipinnadas and leaflets are shaped like a triangle.

Queen palm

Syagrus romanzoffiana

It is a medium-sized palm native to Paraguay and the area of influence of the Parana river. Its stem is bare with pinnate leaves becoming an elegant palm. Each plant carries only female or only male flowers. The fruits are orange similar to olives and a sweet flavour making them attractive to birds and climbing animals. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant. It has been introduced in tropical areas around the world, where it has been naturalized. It is sometimes an invasive plant.

Sago palm

Cycas revoluta

The plant is very slow-growing that can reach up to 3 m. It is native to Southern Japan. From its straight and cylindrical trunk emerges long leaves of narrow leaflets. Leaves grow into a feather-like rosette similar to the palms. It is a dioecious plant, i.e. Each plant carries only female or only male flowers. It is extremely poisonous. It is one of the few species that still remains from the Tertiary Age.

Queen sago

Cycas circinalis

Se localiza en los bosques nativos de Sri Lanka. Tiene crecimiento lento y alcanza 3 m de altura. No es una palmera pero las hojas pinnadas que crecen en forma de roseta en la parte superior le dan este aspecto. Son reminiscencias vivas de los últimos bosques del periodo carbonífero. Las semillas son venenosas pero las toxinas se eliminan remojándolas en agua. La harina de éstas se usa para hacer tortas y gachas. Se encuentra en peligro crítico.

Kentia palm

Howea forsteriana

It is a palm endemic to Lord Howe Island in Oceania. Its forests are very threatened. Despite this fact, it is a very popular species for growing indoors becoming one of the most popular house plant together with the African Arecas palm and the American Chamaedorea. It can reach up to 15 m (50ft). Its simple and slim trunk is cylindrical and green. The compound leaflets come out from the trunk on both sides of the rachis.

Ravenala madagascariensis

Ravenala madagascariensis

It is an evergreen plant reaching up to 10 m. It is endemic to Madagascar where can be found in plains and pastures with water below the 800 meters above sea. It has been introduced in islands such as Mauritius or Reunion becoming an invasive plant. Leaves grow in a fan shape aligned in a single plane. Its creamy white flowers are hermaphrodites growing from the armpit of the leaves. Pollination is made by the black lemur.

Broadleaf lady palm

Raphis excelsa

It s a small palm native to souther China and Taiwan. It reaches almost 3 (10 ft) m in height in multi-stemmed clumps. A fibrous sheath remains attached to the base, similar to bamboo-like trunks. Its leaves are digitates and its round fruits are yellow.

Foxtail palm

Wodyetia bifurcata

It is a species of palm endemic of Australia that can reach up to 10 m (32 ft)tall. It is an elegant palm with a smooth and thin. It is slightly spindle-shaped to columnar with dark grey rings. It finishes in a bright green crown giving it a feathery appearance. Both male and female flowers are produced on the same palm.

Solitary fishtail palm

Caryota maxima

It is a solitary, large and vigorous palm native to India. Its growth is fast reaching up to 15 m (50 ft) tall. Its robust and whitish stem has male and females flowers in the same plant. Leaves are bippinades. It is crowded by a rosette giving the appearance of a tree more than of a palm. Fruit is used to make wine palm.

Paurotis palm

Acoelorraphe wrightii

It is a small palm native to Florida and tropical and humid areas of Central America and the Caribbean where it grows in swamps, salty areas and periodically flooded forests. The trunk is covered with fibrous matting. The big leaves are palmate (fan-shaped) with spines in the margins. The flowers are diminutive, white and hermaphrodite.

Senegal date palm

Phoenix reclinata

It is a palm native to Madagascar and African tropics. The plant grows in areas up to 3,000 m (9,843 ft) above sea, in rainforests and mountain slopes. The pinnate leaves can reach up to 4 m (13,1 ft) length. Female and male flowers are separated in different palms. Male flowers produce large yellow bunches; females flowers are globose. This species produces edible fruit. The fruit is borne in pendant clusters and contains one hard seed each. It is used for basketry and the sap is used to process palm wine.

Pygmy date palm

Phoenix roebelenii

It is a small palm native of the Southeast Asia that can reach up to 3 m (9 ft). It is a slow-growing tree. It is cultivated in groups. It is a popular ornamental plant in gardens and tropical and warm climate areas of New Zealand, Australia, California, .coasts of Texas and Florida. It requires grounds with high content in organic material.

Jelly palm

Butia capitata

It is a solitary species that can reach up to 5 m (16.5 ft) tall. It is endemic of the central-western area of Brazil.  It has feather palm pinnate leaves that arch inwards towards a thick stout trunk.  It can tolerates temperatures down to about -10º C (14ºF). Ripe fruits are creamy yellowish that are the size of large cherry. Taste can vary depending on soil conditions, although it is tart and sweet at the same time.

Alexander palm

Archontophoenix alexandrae

It is a palm native to Northeast of Australia. It grows in valleys and littoral rainforests, in locations that are severely inundated during heavy rain events. Its trunk is slim, ringed and widened in its base. Plumose leaves at the end of the trunk are combined and glaucous underside. Flowers are white and both female and male flowers are in the same plant. Its palmetto is edible. It is widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical areas.

Cuban royal palm

Roystonea regia

It is an elegant American palm. Its grey-white colour of the trunk, similar to a column, can reach up to 25 m (82 ft). It finishes in a tuft of green leaves. It is a honey plant. Its pollen is preferred by bats. Root nodules contain Rhizobium, a bacteria associated with nitrogen fixation of air in its roots. It grows widely in Cuba.

Triangle palm

Dypsis decaryi

It is an endemic plant of the Madagascar rainforest. The pinnate leaves are about 3 m (9.8 ft) in length. The leaf bases are arranged in three vertical columns set about 120 degrees apart on the main stem, forming a triangular shape in cross section. The yellow and greenish flowers produce an edible black fruit. It is threatened both by fire and the harvesting of its seeds for trade.

Common screwpine

Pandanus utilis

It is a bush endemic to Madagascar and naturalized in areas with subtropical climate. The trunk is straight, smooth and round. It has roots that arise from the stem above the soil level and help support the plant. The dichotomous branches form a pyramid-shaped canopies. It is an evergreen species with leaves arranged in spiral around the trunk. Leaves are big, linear and with serrated edges. Each plant carries only female or only male flowers. The fruit is similar to a pineapple and is edible.

Rubber fig

Ficus elástica

It is a large tree native to India and Southeast Asia. The trunk develops aerial and buttressing roots to anchor it in the soil and help support heavy branches. It is an evergreen tree with broad shiny oval leaves. The fruit is a fig. It is grown around the world as an ornamental plant. It yields a toxic latex irritant to the eyes and skin. It is used for the rubber manufacture.

Cockspur coral tree

Erythrina crista-galli

The cockspur coral tree, is a small, deciduos and flowering tree to 5-10 m, in the family Fabaceae, native to North Argentina, Uruguay, southern Brazil and Paraguay. This species characteristically grows wild in gallery forest ecosystems along watercourses, as well as in swamps and wetlands. In urban settings, it is often planted in parks for its bright red flowers. The root is a taproot with nodules produced by nitrogen-fixing bacteria. The flowers are rich in nectar and are visited by insects.

African coral tree

Erythrina caffra

The African coral tree, is a small, deciduos and flowering tree to 3,5-7 m, in the family Fabaceae, native to SouthEastern Africa.
This species characteristically grows wild in the coast forest up 200 m. altitude. In urban settings, it is often planted in parks for its bright orange flowers. The flowers are rich in nectar and are visited by birds. Its legumes take bright red seeds. This specie is the official tree of Los Angeles.

Baobab

Adansonia grandidieri

It is a deciduous tree of the drier parts of Madagascar. The tree reaches heights of 25 m and its trunk can have a diameter of 11 m (36 ft). The tree is leafless, and looks very much like it has its roots sticking up in the air. Its wood is said that is similar to a sponge due to the fact that it can store up to 90,000 litres of water, whish is an adaptation to the harsh drought conditions of its environment. Its bark has irregularities in its surface.

Harpephyllum caffrum

Harpephyllum caffrum

It is a tree of coastal forests of the South-east Africa, from Cape Town to Mozambique. It is a dioecious evergreen species. Its canopy is rounded and compact. The straight bark is smooth becoming rough as it grows older. The compound leaves are shiny dark green above and dull below. When the leaves are two years old they turn into red and fall. Both male and female flowers are produced on different trees. The fruit is fleshy, red and grows in clusters. It is use to make furniture or sculpture.

Moreton Bay fig

Ficus macrophylla

Port Jackson fig

Ficus rubiginosa

It is a species of plant native to eastern Australia. It can reach 20 m (65 ft) high becoming a densely-shading tree. Evergreen tree with elliptical leaves. It is exclusively pollinated by a fig wasp. The fruits (figs) turn to red as they mature In tropical climates, the lower branches act as aerial roots. When they reach the ground they form secondary roots.

Weeping fig

Ficus benjamina

It is a fig tree native to Southeast Asia used for decoration of houses and courtyards. Ficus benjamina is a tree reaching 15 metres (50 ft) tall with long lanceolate leaves of a glossy green colour that grow in folded branches. Its fruits are favoured by some birds. At its first years this tree climbing develops aerial roots. These roots thickens and harden when they are in contact with the ground keeping the tree erected.

Flamboyant

Delonix regia

It is a tree endemic to the Madagascar´s dry forests, but has been introduced into tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. It is a deciduous or half evergreen tree of dense foliage and leaves doubly divided. The flowers are orange and the fruit is a large and large woody legume with small seeds. It is used as a percussion instrument. The bark and the flowers are used as remedies to treat rheumatism and bronchial asthma.

Jacaranda

Jacaranda mimosifolia

With a semi-persistent foliage it is a tree native to tropical and subtropical regions of South America, although widely common in other regions. The big leaves are bippinate in most species. It can reach up to 10 m (32 ft). The flowers are produced in conspicuous large purple.blue panicles. The fruit is an oblong to oval flattened capsule containing numerous slender seeds. All the plant is poisonous, but it is used to treat gastrointestinal complaints and also in carpenter.

Pink lapacho

Tabebuia impetiginosa

It is a native tree of the tropical area of America, Mexico, the Caribbean, Argentina and Paraguay. The bark is smooth and the leaves are palmately compound. It is a semi-persistent species. It has inflorescences at the end of the branches. The flowers are large, tubular shaped that open before the leaves. The fruit consists of a narrow capsule containing several winged seeds. It is resistant to fire. Its wood is used in building. It is very appreciated in medicine.

Chinese banyan

Ficus microcarpa

It is an evergreen tree native to the Southeast of Asia and Australia. It can reach up to 15 m (49 ft). It has a thick foliage that provides a large shade. It is a hard and resistant tree, that is why is widely cultivated as ornamental tree in countries with warm climate. Pollination is made by the fig wasp. It is an invasive species, although it is also used as shelter and very attractive to birds in the cities.

Trumpet tree

Handroanthus ochraeus

It is a tree native of warm areas of America, from Mexico to Argentina. It can reach up to 20 m (65.6 ft) tall. Its shape is irregular and it flourishes overwhelmingly after the first rains. With semi-persistent foliage, it loses the leaves after flowering. The deep yellow flowers have a long cup similar to a trumpet. The fruit is a legume. Its wood is very resistant and it is used in building.

Springfire

Metrosideros collina

It is a small tree or bush native to Polynesia and New Zealand. This evergreen shrub can grow up to around 3 m (9.8 ft) tall. Its shape is oval. The showy flowers are composed of numerous red and long stamens with green foliage. It is a very floriferous species. It receives the nickname of New Zealand Christmas tree. It is an important source of nectar for insects.

Silk fross tree

Chorisia speciosa

It is a species of deciduous tree native to the tropical and subropical forests of South America. Its trunk is bottle shaped, where it stores water. It is resistant to drought and moderate cold, but it grows fast in spurts when water is abundant, and sometimes reaches up to 25 metres (82 ft). Its big pink flowers measure 10 to 15 cm (0,33 to 0,49 ft). Its nectar is known to attract insect pollinators as well as hummingbirds. The cotton inside the fruit pods, although not of as good quality as that of the kapok tree, is soft and flexible and it is employed in industrial uses. From the seed it is possible to obtain vegetable oil.

Orchid tree

Bauhinia variegata

It is a small-sized tree with a round canopy native to the Southeast Asia. It is a semi-deciduous tree in the dry season. Leaves are long and rounded and bilobed at the base. It is a sacred tree for Buddhists. Its leaves, shoots and flowers are used as food item in South Asian cuisine. It is an ornamental tree in subtropical and tropical climates for its big scented flowers of bright pink colour.

Karoo boer-bean

Schotia afra

It is a tree native to South Africa. It can be found in the river banks of dry streams, sandbanks and small rivers. The tree can reach up to 5 m (16.4 ft). It is an evergreen species, with rigid branches and a gnarled trunk. The flowers are numerous, bright red to pink in colour and are distributed throughout the tree. They produce copious amount of nectar which attract birds and butterflies. The fruit is a legume which explodes when dry and catapults the seeds great distances from the parent plant. It is an edible plant.

Gabon tulip tree

Spathodea campanulata

Spathodea is a monotypic genus in the flowering plant family Bignoniaceae. The tree grows between 7–25 m (23–82 ft) tall and is native to tropical dry forests of East Coast of Africa. It has been nominated as among 100 of the “World’s Worst” invaders.
The open flowers are cup-shaped and hold rain and dew, making them attractive to many species of birds. their nectar is popular with many hummingbirds.

Yvyrá-pytá

Peltophorum dubium

It is a tree native of humid tropical forests and river shores of Paraguay, Souh of Brasil and Argentina. It is a deciduous tree, with big compound leaves of dark green colour. The wood is strong used in carpentry and hydraulic enterprises due to its high resistence to humidity. The yellow blossom are arranged in bundles that end in spikes. The fruit is a legume. It is used in the Guarani pharmacopoeia. Its name means “large reddish wooden tree”.

Queensland umbrela tree

Schefflera actinophylla

Brush cherry

Syzygium paniculatum

It is a rainforest tree native to Eastern Australia. It can reach up to 15 m. (49 ft). It is dense and width and its bark is scaly. The leaves are opposite, simple, elliptic, finishing in a tip. They are dark and shiny above and dull below. Flowers are white and in clusters with a magenta fruit colour. It is edible an lightly acid. It is used as an ornamental plant.

Dwarf umbrella tree

Schefflera arboricola

It is a shrub native to Taiwan and the Chinese Hainan island. It can reach up to 8 m (26.2 ft) tall. It is an evergreen species. Its aerial roots become functional when reaching the ground. It has digitate leaves with 7-9 shiny green leaflets in the obverse side and dull colour in the reverse. Its texture is leathery. The hermaphrodite flowers are arranged in panicles. It produces spherical fruit in drupes that are very appreciated by birds.

Natal plum

Carissa macrocarpa

Japanese aralia

Fatsia japonica

It is an evergreen shrub growing to 3 m (9.8 ft) tall. It is native to Japan. It is commonly grown in dark and humid areas under 200 metres (656 ft) of altitude. The huge leaves are simple and palmately lobed, leathery, with long dark green petioles. The inflorescences are panicles in triangular shape with white flowers. They produce a globose fruit in drupe, green at first, tan at maturity.

Night-blooming cestrum

Cestrum nocturnum

It is a shrub native to South America. It is an evergreen plant, although sometimes it may drop leaves during a harsh winter. The small tubular flowers are greenish-white and they release a powerful sweet perfume at night. Flowers occur in clusters. The globose fruit is a white berry. All parts of the plant are highly toxic, although it is used in medical applications.

Feijoa

Acca selloviana

It is a shrub native to central South America. It is an evergreen species. The leaves are simple, leathery, bright green in the beam with silvery white undersides. Flowers are solitary with a great number of dark red stamens. The green fruit is fleshy, small with a very aromatic flavour and many seeds. Feijoas have several medicinal uses. It is possible to buy fruit drinks and jams of this fruit.

Fountainbush

Russelia equisetiformis

Fountainbush is a perennial multi-branching plant with 1.2-1.5 m (3-4ft) from tropical and subtropical areas from Mexico and Guatemala.The overall graceful form of the subshrub is a fountainesque mound. Their long arching branches have stems and tiny oval leaves are bright green. Its flowers profusely with small decumbent red flowers. It can bloom year round in tropical and subtropical climates. It is a very popular nectar plant for hummingbirds and butterflies.

Wild-sage

Lantana camara

It is an evergreen shrub native to tropical and subtropical areas of South and Central America. It can grow up to around 1.5 m (4 ft) tall. It is much-branched and produces a strong odour. The stem has a quadrangular shape and the simple leaves are toothed, rough and pubescent. The yellow flowers change to reddish when mature. Its fruit is a shiny black drupe. It spreads in warm climates all around the world.

Indian nut

Thevetia peruviana

This evergreen bush is native to tropical America and can reach up to 5 m (16,5 ft).  Its bark is greyish with lanceolate leaves of dark green colour. Flowers are generally yellow, scented and funnel-shaped. Its fruit is deep red in colour encasing a large seed. It is used medicinally throughout to help reducing fat. It is an ornamental species.

Yellow trumpetbush

Tecoma stans

It is a small tree or bush native to Mexico and the Caribbean area. It grows in well-drained soils on tropical rainforests. Its beautiful flowers are usually seen in gardens. With more than 56 active ingredients, it is widely used for medicinal use. Its flower produces large quantities of nectar. Its wood is used for building canoes and bows. Its root are used for making beer. It is considered a poisonous plant to livestock.

Bower of beauty

Pandorea jasminoides

It is a climbing vine native to Malesia and Australia. It is an evergreen species with woody stems. Leaves are bright and coriaceous. The big flowers grow in bell-shaped clusters going from white to pink according to the variety.  It does not have gripping systems but the long branches behave like lianas in the presence of trees or shrubs, using them of support to approach the light

Tecoma capensis

Cape honeysuckle

It is a bush native to South Africa. It is an erect, semi-scrambling shrub, evergreen with long and flexible branches that support other shrubs to reach the light. It can reach up to 3 m (9.8 ft) height. The flowers are tubular and are grouped in long terminal clusters. The flower colour ranges from orange to red. They are very valued for insects and birds due to its nectar. The fruit is in capsule with numerous seeds.

Paperflower

Bougainvillea glabra

It is a sarmentous bush native to Brazil. It is an evergreen, climbing and woody shrub with thorny branches to hold on to a support. The leaves are bright green. Tiny white flowers are surrounded by deep red papery bracts. It is used in medicine as a remedy to treat respiratory illnesses and gastrointestinal complaints.

Virginia creeper

Partenocissus quinquefolia

It is a woody and climbing plant native to Mexico and USA. Its numerous tendrils and adhesive pads allow this plant to adhere to any surface. It can reach up to 15 m (49.2 ft) tall. The leaves are composed of five leaflets. The deciduous leaves turn into deep red in the autumnal cold before the fall. The small flowers are arranged in bunches. It produces deep blue berries. These berries contain toxic amounts of oxalic acid giving them an unpleasant flavour.

Climbing fig

Ficus pumila

It is an evergreen vine native to Japan. The dense and thin branches cover the ground and climbs up walls. Its leathery leaves are small of dark green colour. It is fast-growing. It can reach up to 10 m (32 ft) tall. The flowers are small and the fruits of orange and purple colour have an unpleasant taste.

Winterbourn philodendron

Philodendron xanadu

It is a grassy climbing plant native to Brazil forest. The evergreen leaves are wide and shiny, leathery and with foliar dimorphism, that is, the aspect of the leaves changes at growing. Its aerial roots are used to get fixed to a support. It is an epiphytic plant. The flower is an inflorescence covered and protected by a white bract. The fruit is a berry with a taste similar to the pineapple.

Blue passion flower

Passiflora caerulea

It is a woody climbing plant native to South America. It can reach up to 20 m (65 ft) high if supporting trees are available to tangle. The leaves are five-lobed. The base of each leaf has a tendril which twines around supporting vegetation to hold the plant up. The flower is white and complex with yellow stamens and purple stigmas. It produces edible orange berries with numerous seeds. It is highly appreciated as food for mammals and birds.

Grape ivy

Partenocissus tricuspidata

It is a vigorous climbing plant native to eastern Asia. Its tendrils and sticking pads allow this plant to adhere to smooth surfaces. It can reach up to 30 m (98.4 ft) tall. The deciduous leaves are composed of 3 folioles that change to orange-red colour during the fall. The small flowers are arranged in bunches. It produces dark blue berries. Its growing is fast. It can resists cold and water shortage. It is a melliferous plant.

Banks´rose

Rosa banksiae

It is a species of flowering plant native to central and western China, at altitudes of 2,200 m (7,218 ft). It is a scrambling shrubby vine growing vigorously to 6 m (20 ft) tall. Its leaves are evergreen and it is practically thornless. The flowers are small and smelly double roses Petals and fruits are edible.

Society garlic

Tulbaghia violácea

It is an herbaceous plant indigenous to South Africa. It is an evergreen species and withstands well the marine environments. The base is bulbous and the leaves are long and bright green in colour. The tubular and violet flowers open like a star. The fruit is a capsule. It possesses a strong garlic odour. It is used locally as a medicine.

Bird of paradise

Strelitzia reginae

It is a herbaceous plant native to South Africa. It is an evergreen species that can reach up to 1.5 m (4.9 ft.) tall. Its underground stems can collect its stored reserves. Its large grey-green leaves are persistent and with an oval form. The floral stems have the shape of a bird´s beak. It keeps from 5 to 8 orange flowers. The fruit is a triangular capsule containing black rounded seeds with an orange fuzzy aril.

White bird of paradise

Strelitzia alba

It is a herbaceous plant native to South Africa and Madagascar. It is the tallest of the Strelitzia plants and can reach up to 10 m (32.8 ft). It is also one of the three arborescent trees as the S. caudata and S. nicolai.  The alternating leaves have a marked central rib. They are oval and with long petiole. Leaves are arranged in two rows along an axis. They grow helically. The white flowers are hermaphrodites and are enclosed in a purple spathe. The fruit is a shiny red capsule with downy aril.

Walking stick bamboo

Chimonobambusa tumidissinoda

Bamboo endemic to the valleys of Sichuan and Yunnan in China. It can reach up to 6 m (19 ft) high with a stem diameter up to 1.3 cm (0.013 ft). The branches hang from the nodes with thin and green leaves. The stem has flattened discs-like swellings in the nodes. In China they have made a living out of creating unique bamboo walking canes for more than 2,000 years.

Spanish moss

Tillandsia usneoides

It is a herbaceous plant native to America, from the south-eastern United States to Argentina. It grows in warm and humid climates. It hangs from tree branches forming hanging and woolly structures of 1 m (3.3 ft) length. It has no roots. The stem is flexible and the leaves are small, thin and curved. The flowers are tiny and aromatic. They propagate by ftragments of stem that blow on the wind or are carried by birds. It is very sensitive to pollution in air.

Dragon tree

Dracaena draco

It is a herbaceous plant with a tree-like growth habit, except in thickness. It has a unique and succulent stem, branched in the top and similar to a vaulted crown. Its fleshy foliage is persistent bearing linear leaves. Its white flowers are small producing a pleasant scent. They are clustered in dense terminal bunches. The sap of this plant turns into red when in contact with air. It has a number of medical uses and it is used in varnish and dyes production.

Expanded lobsterclaw

Heliconia latispatha

It is a big and vigorous herb up to 2-3 m (6-9 ft) tall with a growing similar to those of bananas. It is spread throughout the all tropical America. The leaves are big and simple with a bright green margin. The flowers are formed in a spiral pattern around a pendant with red and yellow bracts. It produces nectar. Pollination is made by hummingbird

African lily

Agapanthus africanus

It is a herbaceous plant native to South Africa that can reach up to 60 cm high (1.97 ft). It is an evergreen species. It has a short stem bearing long and ribbon-like leaves of deep green colour. Flowers are clustered in the top in white, blue and violet inflorescences. Its fleshy roots are thick and solid. It is a fire- resistant plant.

Night-scented lily

Alocasia odora

It is a herbaceous plant native to South-east Asia that can reach up to 4 m high (13.12 ft). The species occurs along the margins of rivers and in swamps in rainforests up to 1,700 meters (5,577 ft) in altitude. The light green leaves are huge. It is heart-shaped with strongly marked nerves. Its thick underground stems or rhizomes are edible when boiled.

Purple secretia

Tradescantia pallida

It is a grassy plant native to the Gulf Coast of Mexico. It is a lively, covering and evergreen plant. It grows in semi-shade areas and can reach up to 30 cm (0,9 ft)  height. It is distinguished by elongated, pointed leaves – themselves glaucous green, fringed with red or purple. They embrace the divided and violet stem. Its growth is fast and it spreads easily. The small pink flowers are grouped in the end of the stems. It is not toxic and it is used for feeding animals.

Zebrina pendula

Tradescantia zebrina

It is a grassy plant native to South-east America and Mexico. Its creeping or hanging stems are divided and take root in the knots. The oval leaves finish in tip. The upper surface of the leaves is green older and the lower surface is purple. The tiny flowers are located at the end of the pink and violet stems. It has metabolites with medicinal properties

Australian tree fern

Cyathea cooperi

It is a tree fern native to Australia. It reaches up to 15 metres (49 ft). The trunk is covered by a brownish hairiness. In the upper side it is covered with a light green colour fronds. Its reproduction is made by spores. It grows slowly. It is naturalized in many places. It is descendant of the large ferns that formed the forest millions  years ago.

Soft tree fern

Balantium antarcticum

It is a tree fern native to Australia. It grows in hills and humid gullies. It can reach up to 15 m (49 ft). It has an underground rhizome forming a vertical fibrous trunk. Its canopy can reach 2 to 6 m (6-19 ft) where the leaves and fronds are expanded. Reproduction is primarily from spores. The pith of the plant is edible and it is a good source of starch.

Bird´s nest fern

Asplenium nidus Indo-Pacífico M. terrestre

It is a fern native to rainforests of South-east Asia. It grows as an epiphyte, that is, it is a plant that grows on tree trunks of the forest areas with little natural light. This fern is not parasite. It does not perforate the bark and it does not suck the sap of the host tree. Its reproduction is by spores developed in sori on the underside of the leaves or fertile fronds. Its leaves are glossy.